progress has been made in dealing with hate speech, and condemning religious and sectarian violence, much remains to be done to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their caste, creed, religion, or ethnic origin, are treated equally. Moreover, equal treatment must be accompanied by equitable treatment to ensure that all citizens of Pakistan are safeguarded, and their rights guaranteed by the state. The government must take robust action to address these grave issues and ensure that its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) are effectively enforced. 21