Australian Human Rights Commission Information for LOI – Australia, 29 August 2016 payments in addition to the PPL; and removal of the requirement for the PPL payment to be made through employers.52 70. Research shows that approximately 37% of women surveyed were unavailable to start a or extend work because of 'caring for children'.53 The Commission recommended developing accessible, affordable, flexible, quality early childhood education and care services, including out-of-school-hours care services, which each child has an entitlement to attend. These should be delivered equitably to all children, including children in regional and remote areas, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, children from culturally and linguistically diverse communities and children with disability. 54 71. Issue for consideration in the LOI: 8.2 • Information on measures to strengthen efforts to support women in paid work and unpaid caring work and reduce gender gaps in workforce participation, wages and retirement incomes and savings. • Information on measures to recognise and value unpaid caring work through legislation, superannuation and taxation systems, • Information on government funding to conduct the 2018 Time Use Survey. Violence against women and children Concluding Observation para 22; ICESCR Article 10 72. Gender-based violence against women and children is endemic in Australia and impacts on the realisation of women’s and children’s economic social and cultural rights. 73. Violence is a leading cause of ill-health and death among women aged between 15 and 44 years.55 41% of women aged 18 and over have experienced violence in their lifetime.56 19% of women have experienced sexual violence since the age of 15.57 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are 45 times more likely to be victims of domestic and family violence.58 Women with disability, women of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and women who are of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex are also particularly susceptible to gender-based violence. 74. One quarter of women (25%) and one in six men (16%) aged 15 years and older have experienced sexual harassment in the workplace between 2007 and 2012.59 High levels of sexual harassment have also been reported in other sectors such as universities, the military and the police.60 Reporting levels of sexual harassment are very low, with only one in five (20%) respondents who were sexually harassed having made a formal report or complaint.61 75. Domestic and family violence is also a workplace issue. In 2005, two out of three Australian women who reported violence by a current partner were in paid employment62 and survey respondents have reported the impact of 13