norm, human rights defenders’ activism continues to face a number of threats, both through physical and digital media. This situation will create a frightening effect on civil society who fights for human rights and the environment. The criminalization of Fatia Maulidiyanti, Haris Azhar, and Daniel Frits Maurits Tangkilisan through the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) is an empirical fact of the shrinking of public space and civil liberties in Indonesia as well as of the minimal legal protection for hu- Democratic activities and freedom of expression in Indonesia continue to receive threats and attacks. Based on these conditions, Komnas HAM RI articulated a series of activities to respond to the shrinking space for civil liberties and threats to civil liberties in fighting for human rights. Komnas HAM encourages four dimensions as instruments for measuring guar- C. The Complexity of Human Rights Problems in Papua According to the Komnas HAM records, the number of incidents of human rights violations in Papua cannot be separated from the dimensions of violence and armed conflict. The situation of violence in Papua cannot be separated from the security approach which continues to result in political violence and human rights violations. However, President Joko Widodo’s Government has actually negated the conflict that continues to occur in Papua. The Government states that all 6 man rights activism and environment. Such shrinking became even more apparent when the New Criminal Code (KUHP) failed to democratize the criminal law. Komnas HAM RI noted several provisions of the New Criminal Code that have the potential to weaken civil liberties and human rights, such as procedures and permits to obtain regarding demonstrations, insulting the honor or dignity of the President and Vice President, as well as insulting public power and state institutions. antees of civil freedom, including participation in policy making, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, and access to information. parties must see Papua from a positive side and there is no need to exaggerate small problems in Papua. The security approach continues to be used to resolve armed resistance, secure infrastructure development, and facilitate exploration of natural resources in Papua. The labeling of armed criminal groups (KKB - Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata) by the Indonesian Police and the Free Papua Organization (OPM - Organisasi Papua Merdeka) by National Army (TNI - Tentara Nasional Indonesia) shows that the Government does not have the capacity to manage conflict resolution. The Annual Report Of The National Human Rights Commission Of The Republic Of Indonesia (Komnas Ham RI) 2023