Defending Dignity A Manual for National Human Rights Institutions on Monitoring Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Chapter 3: Monitoring the fulfilment of economic, social and cultural rights Violation Forced eviction Discrimination Immunization Respect, protect or fulfil? Respect Protect Fulfil Negative or positive obligation? Negative Positive Positive Immediate Immediate Progressive Dependent on available resources? No No Yes Individual perpetrator? Yes No No Events-based Policy-based Policy-based Immediate or progressive? Events-based or policy analysis? Chapter 4: Working with indicators and benchmarks 1. Review the following indicators. What could they be used to measure? Do they relate to outcomes, policy efforts or resources? • School completion rates. Measures outcomes for right to education. • Number of schools per municipality. Measures policy efforts for right to education. • Access to improved sanitation. Measures outcomes for right to water and sanitation. • Number of men-headed and women-headed households evicted from their dwellings during the past five years. Measures discrimination in relation to outcomes for the right to housing. 2. Review the benchmarks described below. How do these different types of benchmarks compare to the SMART criteria? What are some of the strengths and weaknesses of each? • Reduce poverty from 25% to 23% in the next five years. Specific, measurable and time-bound. Realistic, but not very ambitious. • Improve living standards. Not specific, measurable or time-bound. • Increase the proportion of the population with health insurance from 30% to 60% in the next seven years. Specific, measurable and time-bound. Appears to be ambitious but realistic, but would need more information to fully judge. Chapter 6: Finding secondary data 1. Go to the World Bank data portal (data.worldbank.org) and identify an indicator that relates to outcomes and one that relates to policy efforts for: a) The right to education. Examples of outcome indicators include: youth literacy rate; primary school enrolment rate; primary school completion rate; children out of school. Examples of policy effort indicators include: student-teacher ratio; trained teachers in primary schools (% of total teachers) b) The right to work. Examples of outcome indicators include: employment rate; long-term unemployment rate; labour force participation rate; vulnerable employment (% of total employment). Examples of policy effort indicators include: generosity of unemployment benefits. c) The right to water and sanitation. Examples of outcome indicators include: improved water source (% of population with access); improved sanitation source (% of population with access) 170