Part II ＞ Our Efforts and Transformation II. Participation in the Procedure of the Constitutional Court The Constitutional Court Procedure Act coming into effect on January 4, 2022, approximates the judicial proceedings with court hearings and verdicts. Before this new system, the NHRC had already served as the friend of the court (amicus curiae) in the case of compulsory labor in 2021. Later the Commission was appointed as an “expert agency” to participate in the court debate and to answer the questions of the grand justices, petitioners, and related parties in four cases, they are indigenous identity, national health insurance database, Sirayan identity, and the gender equality concerning women’s leadership position in ancestor worship guilds. Additionally, Over the years the Constitutional Court usually recognized our viewpoints on human rights— except for the indigenous identity case—and made decisions in consistency with our opinion, which demonstrated our expertise. From August 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022, we participated in the oral argument of five cases and proposed a letter of opinion for one case (Table 5). Our engagement in the Constitutional Court cases is listed as follows: regarding the recusal of judges from criminal litigation procedure, the NHRC was instructed to a. Case on Compulsory Labor (Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 812) offer a written comment in accordance with the international human rights standards. Moreover, The question in this case is whether compulsory labor as a penalty for specific offences Table 5 Participation in the Constitutional Court Procedure No. Session of Oral Argument/ Presentation 1 2021.10.12 Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 812 Case on compulsory labor 2021.12.10 2 2022.01.17 TCC Judgment 111-Hsien-Pan-4 (2022) The indigenous peoples status of children of intermarriage between indigenous and nonindigenous peoples case 2022.04.01 3 2022.04.26 TCC Judgment 111-Hsien-Pan-13 (2022) Case on the national health insurance research database 2022.08.12 4 2022.06.28 TCC Judgment 111-Hsien-Pan-17 (2022) Case on the indigenous peoples status for the Siraya people 2022.10.28 5 2022.10.18 TCC Judgment 112-Hsien-Pan-1 (2023) Case on gender equality concerning women’s leadership position in ancestor worship guilds 2023.01.13 6 2022.10.24 Pending Case on recusal of judges from criminal litigation procedure Case No. Source: The NHRC 40 based on the powers bestowed by the Paris Principles and Organic Act, the Commission has the right to examine and understand the existing laws and their functions so as to make “necessary and feasible” recommendations for revision in the future. National Human Rights Commission 2022 Annual Report Case Title Interpretation / Holding Release Date Pending