analysis, although not at the individual level; rather, we construct all definitions at the household level. Finally, it is worth noting the importance of measurement differences in the past literature. Such differences have been argued by Halleröd et al. (2015, p. 473) to represent “definitional ambiguity” (similarly termed “definitional chaos” by Crettaz, 2011, p. 189), where the implied policy solutions may not be immediately apparent. Furthermore, as in-work poverty is likely associated with a broad array of factors, understanding the balance of these factors in any one case, such as in New Zealand, requires an in-depth empirical examination. Page 13