with higher responses, as compared to 2021, are economically disadvantageous, people with disabilities and elderly, and as compared to 2021, economically disadvantageous, immigrants, ex-convicts and sexual minorities increased, with women, children, people with disabilities, elderly, low education/schooling, and temporary employees decreased. Experience with hate speeches decreased slightly, and the people who had ‘no experience’ (43.5%) with hate speeches decreased continuously since 2019 (48.3%). The targets of hate speeches are wide spread and are effected by social issues and discussions. As compared to 2021, hate speeches against people with disabilities, people from specific region and politicians have increased. On the other hand, the ratio of people who consider hate speeches to be “serious” and “not serious” are similar. However, 68.7% of the people agree with legally regulating hate speeches, which is a slightly increase from 2021, and more than two times higher than people who disagree at 31.3%. The result of a sense of social distance that indicates tolerance and acceptability of socially vulnerable and minorities shows that people are ‘uncomfortable (very and slightly)’ with North Korean defectors (59.5%), migrant workers (58.0%), sexual minorities (56.9%), and marriage immigrants (45.5%) being elected as politicians, which is similar to the ranking in 2021. However, between 2019 and 2021, the sense of social distance with vulnerable and minorities increased, with women, adolescents and elderly as exceptions, but began to decrease overall in 2022. 7