i. 10% male detainees and 10% female detainees from overall total of detainees in lock-ups with highoccupancy; ii. minimum of 10 detainees in lock-ups with moderate capacity; iii. entire detainees in lock-ups with total numberof less than 10 people. 1.19 Observations have been done on lock-ups, interrogation room, storage for detainees, investigation officers’ room/assistant investigation officers’ room and other places related to the research (Table 3). Table 3: Total number of observation done in Police Station 1.20 Area of observation Total Lock-up 47 IO/AIO Room/Place in-Charge 109 Review of the laws in Malaysia and overseas as well as international treaties which are relevant to this research were also made. IX. Literature Review Previous Study 1.21 In 2004, the Royal Commission to Enhance the Operation and Management of PDRM (Royal Commission) was established by Seri Paduka Baginda Yang diPertuan Agong under the Commission of Inquiry Act 1950. In 2005, the Royal Commission produced a report14 covering various policing aspects. The report examined issues raised by the public on no action being taken following a police report; corruption; deaths in police custody; accountability; dissatisfaction in public relation and abuse of power by the police. 1.22 The issue of deaths in detention in Royal Commission Report covers the causes for the deaths from year 2000 until 2004.15 However, the report did not cover in 14 Royal Commission to Enhance the Operation and Management of PDRM Report (2005). “Deaths in Police Custody in 2000-2004.” Royal Commission to Enhance the Operation and Management of PDRM Report (2005). (pp 82-97) 15 11