C. RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COVENANTS ...................................................... 18 I. PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COVENANTS ........................... 18 II. THE GOVERNMENT’S FULFILLMENT OF NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE COVENANT ................................. 20 D. IS DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN TUITION SUBSIDIES REASONABLY JUSTIFIED? .......................................... 22 I. TUITION SUBSIDIES SHOULD ADHERE TO PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY ...................................................................... 22 II. THE MOE’S JUSTIFICATION FOR DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT LACKS REASONABLE RELEVANCE ....................... 23 VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................. 25 A. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................... 25 B. RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 25 I. TUITION SUBSIDIES FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION SHOULD BE THE SAME FOR NON-CITIZENS WITH PERMANENT RESIDENCY AND TAXPAYERS AS FOR CITIZENS. ......................................................................................................... 25 II. THE GOVERNMENT MUST ENSURE RATIONALITY AND NECESSITY IN EDUCATIONAL POLICIES INVOLVING DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT. ..................................................................................................................................... 26 III. THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD AMEND EDUCATION-RELATED LAWS TO GRADUALLY ALIGN WITH THE STANDARDS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COVENANTS........................................................................................................... 26 IV. SECONDARY EDUCATION MUST BE AFFORDABLE FOR ALL AND THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD GRADUALLY IMPLEMENT A FREE EDUCATION SYSTEM. ................................................................................................................. 27 V. THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD STRENGTHEN EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COVENANTS. ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 VI. THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD INVESTIGATE THE EDUCATIONAL STATUS AND NEEDS OF NON-CITIZEN RESIDENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN. ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 APPENDIX 1: STATISTICAL DATA AND EXPLANATIONS .......................... 30 TABLE 1: STATISTICS ON BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND NATURAL POPULATION INCREASE IN TAIWAN OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS .................................................................................................................................................................... 30 TABLE 2 TAIWAN’S LABOR FORCE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ........................................................................... 31 TABLE 3 ESTIMATED POPULATION AGED 65 AND ABOVE AND THEIR PROPORTION OF THE TOTAL POPULATION ...... 31 TABLE 4 NUMBER OF VALID WORK PERMITS FOR FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS ........................................................... 32 TABLE 5 NUMBER OF VALID WORK PERMITS FOR SPECIAL FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS ............................................. 32 ii