According to the testimony, PPC No.13 was set up in 1964 after the PPC at Pukchang22, and appears to have been split in 1975 to create PPC No. 12. The information attributes the split of PPC at that time to the sudden increase in the number of prisoners but fails to explain why the number of prisoners suddenly increased. It is assumed that purges and deportations were carried out in a large scale in the wake of Kim Jong-il taking over the political power in the mid 1970’s. “PPC No. 13 originally encompassed the areas of Pungchon-ni, Punggye-ri, Tongpo-ri (where the PPC headquarters was located) and Chongpyong-ni of Chongsong County. When PPC No.13 was split, Changpyong-ni and Chungsan-ni became PPC No. 12. It was only for the purpose of administration. As a result, the greater part of Chongsong County was encompassed by the PPC, and the small remaining area of the county was consolidated into Onsong County. I think this was in 1975 or so. In the beginning, PPC No. 13 in Chongsong County came under the heading of Army Unit No. 3579, the Korean People’s Guard. The new PPC No. 12 was given the title of Army Unit No. 3578. It was known as a Control Center to the outside but was a military unit internally.” (A08, former SSA officer at PPC No. 12 and 13 1967~1992) The PPC in North Korea are known as Kwalisoh (Control Center) to the North Korean residents, but carry an internal official title, such as Military Unit No. 000 or People’s Guard. Often the PPC are referred to by numbers and locations, such as PPC No. 14, Kaechon Control Center, and PPC No. 15, Yodok Control Center. It is understood that the purpose of separate names is to cover up the presence of PPC to the outside world and, at the same time, to maintain military nomenclature for the PPC. 22 The witness states that the PPC in Pukchang was set up in 1961. However, it is generally believed that Pukchang PPC was set up in 1958. 44