Ekiti, Ondo State Nigeria A new emphasis on relearning governance structures that impact on communities’ socio economic and cultural needs is taking place in West Africa, after coloniser-inherited structures of governance has been found to be eroding material advancement.107 This is a return to pre-colonial local governance. In the urban and rural areas of Ekiti in Ondo State, Nigeria, communal kinship governance is now being applied to schools, their peace building, community banking cooperatives, security, roads, and kinships. The traditional governance centres on the Oba (king) and the council of chiefs, with accountability being to the council of chiefs. The community also engages in development associations for sustainable projects that are in partnership with the State authorities. The checks and balances within their community governance enhance accountability as the central core is living in a state of independence but still part of the communal space and fabric. The 44 diversity of both urban and rural parts of Ekiti, enables federal decentralisation while synthesising urban and rural resources for communal development. These elements constitute and reform colonised institutions to adapt to local development. The threats to traditional governance in Ekiti are linked to state and federal based institutions, westernised elites living within the community, foreign experts, institutions, and international funders.108 The relevance of this example of accountability is the application in a communal society in both rural and urban situations of a new (but precolonial) form of governance, accountability, and self-determination alongside state and federal governance structures. However, the community still retains their land, and houses are built on this land by families and handed on by local systems, so their situation is not as dire as that for Māori housing. Te Kāhui Tika Tangata New Zealand Human Rights Commission Housing Inquiry