Note: Status can change Unlawful entry to engage in irregular employment Lawful entry, but overstay visa, lose right to stay and/or engage in irregular employment Migrants in an irregular situation Conditions of work Decent work Fair treatment Labour rights respected Economic benefit Conditions of work Forced labour Sexual exploitation Slavery Holds appropriate visa/permits to take up regular employment Lawful entry into country and exit Enter country to seek protection from persecution or torture in country of origin May engage in irregular employment while refugee status or protected person status is determined and, in some circumstances, after refugee status is granted Migrants in a regular situation Seeking asylum and/or protection Status Regular situation/documented Conditions of work Discrimination Exploitation Labour rights not respected Limited safeguards Assistance to evade entry controls from third party, who receives profit Voluntary but unlawful entry into country Smuggling Regular migration Status Irregular situation/undocumented May or may not enter country lawfully Forced, coerced or deceived into travel for the purpose of exploitation Trafficking Irregular migration Promoting and Protecting the Rights of Migrant Workers The Role of National Human Rights Institutions INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR MIGRATION* * This figure draws on and adapts the flowchart in Preventing Discrimination, Exploitation and Abuse of Women Migrant Workers: An Information Guide (ILO; 2003); see Booklet 1, p. 25. Facts and trends involving migrant workers | xi