f. To include general practitioners in the strategies and plans of action for care of older persons. Currently, their roles are absent, whereas they can play an important role in improving access to care for older persons; g. The translation of policies into actions must be closely followed to ensure their effectiveness. Similarly, it is important to review the plan of action to ensure that they are realistic, appropriate and effective. Topic 3 – Existing Challenges and Issues that Affect the Standards of Care Provided by Caregivers Caring For Older Persons in Both Government and Private Care Centres by Dr. Rahimah Ibrahim, Deputy Director of Institute of Gerontology, UPM Dr. Rahimah briefed the participants on the following issues and challenges: 22. World Health Organisation (WHO) defined aged care as “the system of activities undertaken by informal caregivers (family, friends and/ or neighbours) and/or professionals (health, social services and others) to ensure that a person who is not fully capable of self care can maintain the highest possible quality of life.” There are several types of care as follows: i. Personal/Social Care (personal or domestic, recreational, leisure, companionship) vs. Health Care (medical, nursing and allied health) ii. Short-term Care (post-acute) vs. Long-term Care (chronic, rehabilitative, specialised care) iii. Residential (with housing) vs. Non-residential iv. Institutional Care (clients receiving care within health or social institution) vs. Community Care (outreach to clients, mobile services) v. Institutional-based vs. Home-based 60 REPORT ON CARE SERVICES FOR OLDER PERSONS AND SUPPORT FOR CAREGIVERS