129 Commonwealth Ombudsman. Access All Areas: Monitoring Places of Detention 2022-23 6th Report of the Commonwealth National Preventive Mechanism (May 2024), 26-27. <https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0010/304102/Commonwealth-NPM-Annual-Report-2022-23.pdf>. 130 United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), A/C.3/65/L.5 (21 December 2010), Rule 4. 131 Data derived from information provided to the Commission by the Department on 4 June 2024. 132 Data derived from information provided to the Commission by the Department on 14 June 2024. 133 New South Wales Inspector of Custodial Services, Women on Remand (February 2020), 123. <https:// inspectorcustodial.nsw.gov.au/documents/inspection-reports/women-on-remand.pdf>. 134 United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General recommendation No. 32 on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women, CEDAW/C/GC/32 (14 November 2014), para 49. 135 United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), A/C.3/65/L.5 (21 December 2010), Rule 28. 136 His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales, Report on an unannounced inspection of Colnbrook Immigration Removal Centre (April 2022), 44-45. <https://cloud-platforme218f50a4812967ba1215eaecede923f.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/19/2024/03/Colnbrook-web-2022. pdf>. 137 His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales, Report on an unannounced inspection of Tinsley House Immigration Removal Centre (June 2023), 42. <https://cloud-platforme218f50a4812967ba1215eaecede923f.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/19/2023/08/Tinsley-House-IRCweb-2023.pdf>. 138 His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales, Report on an unannounced inspection of Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre (July 2023), 41. https://cloud-platforme218f50a4812967ba1215eaecede923f.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/19/2024/02/Inspection-Report-2.pdf>. 139 His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales, Report on an unannounced inspection of Tinsley House Immigration Removal Centre (June 2023), 42. <https://cloud-platforme218f50a4812967ba1215eaecede923f.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/19/2023/08/Tinsley-House-IRCweb-2023.pdf>; His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales, Report on an unannounced inspection of Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre (July 2023), 42. https://cloud-platforme218f50a4812967ba1215eaecede923f.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/19/2024/02/Inspection-Report-2.pdf>. 140 Australian Human Rights Commission, Resilient Individuals: Sexual Orientation Gender Identity & Intersex Rights National Consultation Report (2015), 69. <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/ publication/SOGII%20Rights%20Report%202015_Web_Version.pdf>. 141 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women and Girls, its Causes and Consequences, Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women, A/68/340m (21 August 2013), para 63. 142 United Nations Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Ninth Annual Report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, CAT/C/57/4 (22 March 2016) m para 62. 143 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Transgender Persons in Prison (April 2024), 7. <https://rm.coe.int/1680af7216>. 144 Ibid, 8. 145 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/31/57 (05 January 2016), para 34. 146 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women and Girls, its Causes and Consequences, Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women, A/68/340m (21 August 2013), para 63. 147 United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/31/57 (5 January 2016), para 70 (t). 148 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Transgender Persons in Prison (April 2024), 9. <https://rm.coe.int/1680af7216>. 88 Not just an afterthoughtThe experience of women in immigration detention