The Oman Human Rights Commission was established by Royal Decree No 124 / 2008 Concerning the Establishment of a Human Rights Commission. In 2022 the Commission went through reorganisation stipulated by Royal Decree No (57/2022) containing new mandates.

The Decree specifies that the Commission shall be independent, and that it has been established to 'follow up of the protection of human rights and freedom in the Sultanate of Oman in accordance with the Basic Law of the State, international charters and conventions to which the Sultanate of Oman has acceded, and the applicable laws'.