lifetime half had done so under the age of 20, 17 showing how this entitlement can be developed from childhood. Tasi18 had to sit and watch as her father fell asleep at his own trial for her rape. Such was his indifference to the charges against him likely arising from the sexual entitlement he had been led to believe growing up. There is also a more general gender stereotyping that takes place from birth where boys are elevated above girls. “It goes back to how we raise our boys. It’s not obvious but there is a silent way boys are treated differently. Mothers usually talk up the son. He’s good-looking, he’s ‘avi’ (a womanizer). Talking up your sons, leads boys into thinking they can do what they want and treat girls as they want. Samoans have this way of raising their boys whilst girls are made to stay in the house and do house chores.” Participant during Inquiry Community Consultations In addition to encouraging sexual prowess from an early age, boys are also provided with guidance on how to achieve their gender stereotype, at this point physicality starts to become a consideration. “Boys are brought up with the expectation of society that they must be muscular men who must own their women and control their behaviour. The whole macho thing is they are competing with other men and the worry that another man will come and take their woman is at the forefront of their mind, it feeds their jealousy and insecurity.” Participant during Inquiry Community Consultations Through enforcing these gender stereotypes parents are laying the foundation for IPV such as that carried out by Losa’s19 partner and many others. Additionally, it shows the roots of violence that extends outside of the family setting and between men, when ‘possession’ of a woman is deemed to be at stake. INQUIRY FINDING 14: Stereotypical gender roles are taught from birth, reinforcing the patriarchal society, teaching girls to be subservient, encouraging sexual entitlement of boys, and creating an environment of impunity for perpetrators. 17 UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women and UN Volunteers. (2013). “Why Do Some Men Use Violence Against Women and How Can We Prevent It? Quantitative Findings from the United Nations Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific.” Retrieved from http://partners4prevention.org/sites/default/files/p4p-unmcr-ppt-lores.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2018. 18 Case Study 8. 19 Case Study 16.