FROM BONDAGE TO FREEDOM
57
the civil society at all levels in the strategic areas of prevention, protection,
prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration.
Conclusion
This chapter has shown that under International Human Rights Law,
a neat legal framework and monitoring mechanism exists to tackle the
issue of trafficking. The concept of State responsibility ensures that the
State not only respects and protects the Human Rights of persons from
the agents of the State, but also from non-State actors. Infact, the State has
human rights obligations not only towards its own citizens but towards
non-citizens also.
A perusal of the international treaties and conventions has brought
to fore that all the fundamental human rights related to trafficking are
protected by these conventions and treaties. Most of the human rights
treaties abolish slavery, servitude, forced labour, debt bondage and
practices similar to slavery. The 1926 Slavery Convention was the first
international legal instrument to refer to the practices of forced and
compulsory labour. The ILO’s 1957 Abolition of Forced Labour
Convention goes further, obliging State Parties to take effective measures
to secure immediate and complete abolition of forced or compulsory
labour.
The Women’s Convention, the Children Convention and the
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of all Migrant
Workers, all represent thematic laws and are adopted to look into the
special problems faced by women, children and migrants who are the
most vulnerable to trafficking. These Conventions underline the
importance of principles of non-discrimination, equality, liberty, freedom
of movement and dignity of human being and all these conventions have
special provisions dealing with trafficking.
Apart from laws, the UN and its agencies have contributed
immensely in implementation and protection of human rights. The
mechanisms of the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR), Commission of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Special
Rapporteurs, are all designed around the need to respect human rights.
ILO, IOM, UNDP, UNESCO and UNICEF sponsor and carry out special
programmes for the prevention of trafficking in persons. Further, regional
mechanisms present in Europe, North-South America, Asia and Africa