The InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights: A Study on Bangladesh Compliance
but on occasions use the infamous Section 144 of the
Criminal Procedure Code to prevent opposition political
groups from holding meetings and demonstrations. The
Code authorizes the administration to ban assembly of more
than four persons, subject to certain conditions. According
to ASK, the administration used this provision at least 93
times in 2010. At times, police or ruling party activists or both
use force to disperse demonstrations. On July 28, 2010 the
Dhaka Metropolitan Police issued an order banning all
student protests in certain areas of the city, citing traffic
concerns.
The law provides for the right of every citizen to form
associations, subject to ‘reasonable restrictions’ in the
interest of morality or public order, and unlike the martial
law regimes, political governments generally respect this
right. Individuals are free to join private groups; trade unions
are generally able to conduct their normal activities.
However, the law made it nearly impossible to form new
trade unions in many sectors, such as the ready-made
garment industry. Civil service and security force employees
are legally prohibited from forming unions. Since 2006, new
categories of workers, including teachers and NGO workers,
are permitted to form unions; however, due to the broad
limitations on union-organising during the state of
emergency, these regulations were not formally instituted.
98
Ibid.
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