experienced crew members onboard. Taiwanese intermediaries do not view training as much of a concern. Ms. Li says that fishing isn’t a highly complex job. The day-to-day work is mostly the same, and inexperienced crew members can quickly adapt by learning from the senior crew on the boat. They’ll pick it up fast if they’re willing to learn. Nevertheless, it’s better if they’ve been trained in their home country beforehand to ensure they won’t get seasick. “If they don’t get seasick, they’ll get the hang of things quickly once onboard. But it becomes a huge problem if they do get seasick. They’ll throw up and need to lie down, unable to work, and the captain will be furious because he/she will think we’ve deceived him/her.” Chen Wen-sheng, a small fishing boat owner, explained that onboard operations rely on experienced crew members mentoring recruits. On a typical vessel with 15 crew members, there would usually be 12 or 13 experienced crew paired with 2 or 3 newcomers. “You can’t have an entire crew of recruits; once you set sail, everything will be chaotic, and operations will be impossible.” Regarding safety training, which includes using life jackets, life rafts, and fire extinguishers, he believes it is the responsibility of the vessel owner and the captain to ensure that training is provided before the ship departs. The NHRC requested the TSSFA to arrange a visit to the Chin Chuan Hsing, a distant-water squid and Pacific saury fishing vessel. During the visit, we exchanged views with representatives from the association, the vessel’s captain, and the company manager regarding recent regulatory developments and labor-related issues onboard. A representative from the TSSFA pointed out that many fishing techniques onboard are learned through experience, as there is no systematic method for teaching them. The most fundamental requirement is to instill safety awareness and ensure proper training. The TSSFA also mentioned that five or six similar unions in Indonesia offer training programs for fishers. The agreement aims to have Indonesian 38