Industry characteristics
Industry
15 Dummy variables for industry based on the ANZSIC Level 1
classification3: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining; Manufacturing;
Electricity, gas, water and waste services, and construction; Wholesale
trade; Retail trade; Accommodation and food services; Transport, postal
and warehousing; Information media and telecommunications, financial
and insurance services, and rental, hiring and real estate services;
Professional services; Administrative and support services; Public
administration and safety; Education and training; Health care and social
assistance; Arts and recreation services; Other services
Other job characteristics
Part-time
Dummy variable: 1 = part-time, i.e. working less than 30 hours per week;
0 otherwise
Permanent
Dummy variable: 1 = permanent employment; 0 otherwise
Notes: Variables sourced from HLFS June 2020.
Table 2: Descriptive profile of ethnic groups, by gender
Variable
Hourly earnings ($)
European
Māori
Asian
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
35.72
31.34
28.92
27.58
27.32
26.67
30.68
28.62
Age (years)
39.83
40.35
36.10
37.89
36.95
37.43
36.12
37.63
Born in NZ
77.10%
78.57%
98.41%
98.24%
50.43%
51.19%
8.41%
7.34%
No school
10.13%
7.07%
20.86%
16.69%
27.09%
15.50%
5.01%
4.20%
School
6.01%
6.39%
8.83%
7.26%
4.40%
7.01%
1.03%
0.74%
Post-school
52.56%
43.68%
56.81%
51.44%
56.46%
56.38%
38.69%
31.79%
Bachelor’s
25.43%
35.92%
11.39%
22.11%
10.38%
19.51%
42.87%
52.94%
Postgraduate
4.62%
5.63%
2.03%
2.22%
1.68%
1.60%
10.89%
8.63%
PhD
1.24%
1.30%
0.08%
0.27%
S
S
1.51%
1.69%
Sole parent
1.84%
4.91%
3.33%
10.39%
1.06%
6.62%
0.52%
2.61%
Partnered
67.13%
66.44%
59.99%
55.99%
63.54%
52.47%
61.92%
73.88%
No. of dependents
0.72
0.67
0.97
0.89
1.13
0.95
0.64
0.69
Household income decile
7.57
7.43
7.27
7.21
7.43
7.34
7.13
7.20
Northland
2.69%
2.84%
7.79%
6.76%
S
2.01%
0.93%
0.92%
Auckland
26.70%
28.23%
18.99%
22.21%
72.48%
71.20%
58.05%
61.38%
Waikato
9.75%
9.31%
12.51%
11.86%
4.33%
5.16%
8.38%
8.10%
Bay of Plenty
5.92%
5.80%
10.74%
11.56%
2.61%
3.35%
3.76%
3.41%
Gisborne/Hawke’s Bay
3.65%
3.81%
11.05%
9.65%
S
0.91%
1.71%
0.95%
Taranaki
2.48%
2.36%
2.62%
4.30%
S
0.16%
0.72%
0.59%
Manawatu-Wanganui
5.34%
5.02%
7.71%
8.03%
3.31%
2.47%
2.78%
2.02%
Wellington
13.55%
13.87%
11.41%
10.65%
11.42%
10.80%
9.34%
9.84%
3
Traditionally there are 19 industry categories at ANZSIC Level 1, but due to small size of ethnic groups in some categories, we
have collapsed several, to reduce these to 15 categories.
Empirical analysis of Pacific, Māori and ethnic pay gaps in New Zealand
5
Pacific