JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION, INDIA
VOL. 21, 2022
a legally binding decision despite being provided adequate and appropriate support. In
such a situation, the Sub-section allows the person to be provided further support of limited
guardianship to take legally binding decisions. The proviso to Section 14 (1) goes a step
forward and allows the District Court or Designated Authority to provide total support if
limited guardianship also proves insufficient.
The situation provided for in Section 14 (1) and the proviso is contrary to the mandate of the
CRPD, which required the barriers on capacity to be removed. Instead of removing the barriers,
the Sub-section is providing for situations allowing for the reinstallation of barriers, which
the CRPD asked to be dismantled. Section 14(1) and its proviso is even contrary to Section
13 of the RPDA, which has recognised that all persons with disabilities have legal capacity
on an equal basis with others. After providing for the reinstatement of limited guardianship
and total support, Section 14 (2) of the RPDA incorporates a legal fiction whereby after the
commencement of the RPDA, every guardian appointed under any other law shall be deemed
to function as a limited guardian. This provision could make sense as a transitory provision
while India puts in place its support programme.18 However, no such transfer from limited
guardianship to support has been provided. Instead, a generic obligation has been placed
by Section 15(1) on authorities designated by the appropriate governments to mobilise the
community and create social awareness on support for persons with disabilities. And Section
15(2) requires the designated authorities to put in place suitable support arrangements for
persons with disabilities living in institutions and with high support needs. And in one more
illustration of doublespeak, Section 14 (3) grants to any person with disability aggrieved by
the decision of being placed in guardianship, the right to appeal against such decision to an
appellate authority designated by the state government.
Section 14 is a mish-mash of support, limited guardianship and total support. Persons with
disabilities can be placed under any of these arrangements not according to their will and
preference, but according to how the designated authority perceives the issue. Sections 13
18
38
A partial explanation for this provision could be derived from the umpteen drafts, which were floated for consideration before the final
Act was enacted in 2016. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment had established a multi-stakeholder Committee in April 2010 by
notification F. No. 16-38/2006-DD.III dated 30 April 2010, to formulate a new disability law in harmony with the CRPD. Clause 19 of the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities Bill 2011 incorporated such a provision to transition from plenary guardianship to support. For text of that
provision, see https://disabilitystudiesnalsar.org/newlaw.php#19._Replacement_of_Plenary_Guardianship (last visited 26 Oct. 2022)