124 Maranga Mai! the Māori Trustee who still has decision-making power on leasing arrangements. In 1907 the Tohunga Suppression Act is passed which outlawed the spiritual and educational role of Māori tohunga or spiritual healers. It was also aimed to suppress Rua Kēnana who challenged government authority by convincing his people to remove their children from the debilitating influences of European schools. This Act made Māori healing illegal for 55 years. Public Works Act 1908 authorised the taking of land for public works. Pākehā had rights to object and were entitled to compensation, but neither applied in the case of Māori land (until 1974) (Waitangi Tribunal, 2010). Public Works Act 1909 ‘tidies up’ the definition of ‘native land’ and defines it as land held by natives under their customs and usage (Waitangi Tribunal, 2010). Native Land Act 1909 (and its amendment of 1913) makes the purchase of Māori land easier for both Crown and private purchasers. Over 800,000 more hectares, almost all in the North Island, were sold in the following 14 years (Waitangi Tribunal, 2010). Rates on Māori land: The myth quickly arose that Māori did not pay rates on Māori land. In reality, those that could pay, did pay. Some Māori however were not told their traditional lands would be taxed so were not aware they now owed tax while others were living in material hardship, as a result of land-taking, and simply did not have the money to pay. Those that could not pay their rates, had land taken as punishment. The rates Māori did pay did not go toward development of infrastructure for their land but rather went to development of the settler state (Reid et al, 2017). Local government was hostile to Māori interests eg, for decades the Pukekohe Council rejected the sale of land for Māori housing (Bartholomew, 2020) and did not consider Māori to be entitled to infrastructural services. 1914: World War I begins. In 1916, while Māori were fighting for the Crown, the government ordered a police assault on Rua Kēnana’s settlement at Maungapōhatu. In the frenzy, Rua’s son, Toko, was killed (and likely murdered) and the village was plundered (Binney, 2009). House of Representatives) was the result of an investigation into land confiscations in the 19th century which found that the land confiscations were largely unjust. The Commission’s findings were not acted on (Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2020). Public Works Act 1928 sets the public works framework for the next half-century. It continues the principles and policies developed in previous Acts; the separate and discriminatory provisions for Māori land are little changed. Māori customary land provisions are especially discriminatory. There is no provision for offering land back once it is no longer needed. Public works are defined very widely (Waitangi Tribunal, 2010). By 1930, the remaining 4.4 million hectares of Māori land had been halved as successive governments and legislation fragmented Māori land so Pākehā could acquire land for farming. This worsened the economic situation for Māori who were about to be thrown into the Great Depression (Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2020). In 1926 the Sim Commission report (contained in Vol 29 of the Appendix to the Journal of the 1900-1930: Cont. Māori hospitals for Māori; influenza pandemic; war; welfare; an appeal to the League of Nations; and our hidden segregationist policy Health and Welfare Medical care for Māori was almost non-existent at the beginning of the 20th century. Most Pākehā hospitals did not want to admit Māori patients. In so doing, hospitals were neglecting their legal duties of care to Māori. Legally, everyone was entitled to free treatment in the institution run by their district. If patients could not afford to pay fees, and most Māori patients couldn’t, they should have received free health