CHAPTER 3 3.1 Human rights are deeply rooted in the cultural ethos and values in India. Maxims like “Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah” (Let all beings be happy), “Vasudev Kutumbakam” (The whole world is one family), and "Jio aur Jine Do" (Live and let live) are values which Indian society has cherished throughout and they are also reflected in all the religions practised in India. 3.2 India's struggle for freedom was essentially a struggle for the attainment of human rights, with the objective that every Indian should be able to live with dignity and honour. Therefore, the principles of human rights are an intrinsic part of the Constitution of India. The Preamble to the Constitution itself underlines the commitment towards securing for all its citizens justice, liberty, equality and to promote among them all fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation. 3.3 The establishment of the United Nations was an important step in the backdrop of human rights violations in many countries under colonial rule and during the two World Wars. The international community reaffirmed its commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The United Nations Charter seeks to achieve cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. The aspirational goals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights find their resonance in the Constitution of India. 3.4 The Constitution of India strongly reflects the country's deep commitment to human rights and provides the basic framework for their protection and promotion. It guarantees basic human rights and fundamental freedoms to all citizens, irrespective of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. Institutions have been created for the enforcement of these rights. The basic legal framework for human rights is enshrined in three parts of the Constitution. Part III deals with Fundamental Rights which constitute the basic freedoms and rights available to all persons/citizens of the country. These are judicially enforceable and are primarily civil and political in nature. Part IV deals with Directive Principles of State Policy, which constitute directions to the State for the development of its citizens. These directives are mainly socioeconomic in character and relate to right to work, just and humane conditions of work, raising the level of nutrition, improvement of public health, etc. Part IV A of the Constitution deals with National Human Rights Commission 13