/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u
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elg em'7f] Joxf]/f jgfPsfn] pQm 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/L kfpF elg ldlt @)^#÷*÷$ ut]
cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ ePsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6 lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h
s;/fdf /x]sf nfnaxfb'/ tfdfËnfO{ kfnf] kx/fdf j;]sf /fli6«o lgs'~hsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] c?
s;}af6 oftgf lbPsf] eGg] s'/f jf lghsf] u}/Goflos xTof ePsf] eGg] lgh;Fu y'gfdf /x]sf
cGo JolQmx¿sf] egfO{af6 gb]lvPsf] / lgh lx/f;tdf /x]sf] sf]7fdf /x]sf] zf}rfnodf em'l08
d/]sf] kf]i6df6{d k|ltj]bgaf6 ;d]t b]lvof] . cfˆgf] lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf kof{Kt
lgu/fgL /fVg'kg]{, ;dod} cfjZos ;ts{tf ckgfpg'kg]{ ;f] ckgfpg g;s]sf] b]lvPsf]n] cfkm}
em'08L lghsf] d[To' x'g uPsf] b]lvof] . ;DalGwt kfnf] kx/fdf /x]sf JolQmnfO{ ljefluo sf/afxL
ug{ tyf d[ts k'kIf{sf nflu lx/f;tdf /x]sf] cj:yf b]lvbf lghsf] sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u -ph'/L, sf/afxL tyf Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f_ lgodfjnL @)%& sf] lgod
!& adf]lhd ? ! nfv Ifltk"lt{ jfkt /sd pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{
lg0f{o ul/of] .
ef/tsf] pl8;f /fHodf j;f]jf; e} sf7df8f}+df /x]sf cfkmGtnfO{ e]6 ug{ cfPsf cfbz{dGo"
/fonfO{ % h"g, @))! df sˆo"{ nufPsf] ;dodf ljb]zL eO{ yfxf gkfO{ lgbf]{if JolQmsf] k|x/Lsf]
uf]nLaf6 d[To" ePsf] b]lvof] . k|x/Laf6 uf]nL rnfpg' k"j{ s'g} r]tfjgL lbPsf] eGg] ;d]t k'li6
gePsfn] d[tssf sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, -ph'/L, sf/afxL
tyf Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f_ lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] lgod !& adf]lhd ? tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ jfkt /sd
pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] . lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L ef/tsf] pl8;f
dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / ef/tLo /fhb'tfjf;nfO{ lbg' .
ldlt @)^*÷#÷!@ ut] sf7df8f}+ z+s/b]j SofDk;df k|x/Låf/f k|j]z u/L cTolws an k|of]u u/L
SofDk;sf ljBfyL{ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s'6lk6 tyf ef}lts ;Dklt Iflt ePsf] eGg] 36gfsf]
;DaGwdf 3fOt]x¿sf] 3fp hfFr kmf/fd dfu u/L k|fKt ePkl5 k'gM k]z ug{ .
l;Gw'nL lhNnf 8f8L u'/fF;] uf=lj=;= @ u'/fF;] a:g] ?k]z e08f/Lsf] !$ jif{sf] x'Fbf kqsf/ an/fd
jflgofFn] nnfO{ kmsfO{ u/L ef/t nlu hj/h:tL ls8\gL lemsL cfˆgf] bfO{ /fdaxfb'/ jflgofFnfO{
xfln lbPsf] x'gfn] c:j:y ag]sfn] Ifltk"lt{ tyf bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL u/L kfpF elg ldlt
@)^^÷%÷@! ut] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ ePsf] b]lvof] . o;df lghn] /fhLv'zLsf ;fy z/L/sf]
lduf}{nf yfg ! bfg :j¿k /fdaxfb'/ jflgofFnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] elg ;lx5fk u/]sf] sfuh /
lgj]bsn] g} ldlt @)^^÷%÷@! df cfof]u ;dIf btf{ u/]sf] ph'/Ldf s'g} sf/afxL cuf8L gj9fO{
lbg'x'g elg ldlt @)^^÷&÷@) df lgj]bg btf{ u/fPsf] ldlzn ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 b]lvbf k|:t't
ph'/Ldf s]xL ul//xg' k/]g . ph'/L 6'+Uofpg] lg0f{o ul/of] .
jlb{of lhNnf b]p8fsnf uf=lj=;= ( ssf}/f a:g] wd]Gb| s'df/ clwsf/L tTsfnLg g]=s=kf=
dfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL ;]gf ljr ldlt @)^!÷(÷& ut] s0ff{nL lr;fkfgLdf ePsf] bf]xf]/f] eL8Gtdf
k/L a]kQf ePsfn] vf]htnfz u/L kfpF elg ldlt @)^@÷#÷!$ ut] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ ePsf] .
o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6 lghsf] xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft b]lvbf cg';Gwfg hf/L /fvL
lghsf sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ ? ! nfv cGtl/d /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fpg g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .
lrtjg lhNnf kbdk'/ @ a:g] 6+s rf}w/LnfO{ ldlt @)%(÷#÷! ut] /fli6«o lgs'~h lrjtgsf
;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L uf]nL xflg xTof u/]sfn] 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL tyf
kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fO{ kfpF elg ldlt @)^#÷%÷! ut] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{
ePsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6 lgh rf}w/LnfO{ 3/af6 ;'/Iff lgsfosf g]kfnL
;]gfn] kqmfp u/L nu]sf] k'li6 ePsf] . lgh d'7e]8df dfl/Psf] elg ;]gfn] hfgsf/L u/fPsf]
ePklg ;f] k'li6 x'g] s'g} cfwf/ k|df0f g/x]sf], u}/ sfg'gL tl/sfn] kqmfp u/]sf], eL8Gtdf d/]sf]
eP kl/jf/nfO{ ;b\utsf] nflu nfz a'emfpg'kg]{ ;f] klg u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf
JolQmn] nfk/jfxLk"j{s gful/ssf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ x/0f u/]sfn] To;/L xTof ug]{ ;'/Iff
lgsfosf JolQm dfly sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ tyf d[tssf sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, -ph'/L, sf/afxL tyf Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f_ lgodfjnL, @)%& sf]
98