The “Advancement of Human Rights” sub-chapter in the “Study and Research” sub-section consists of sub-chapters on “Right to Health”, “Draft of Job Creations Law (Omnibus Law)”, “Defense and Security”, “Vulnerable Groups”, “Freedom of Religion and Belief”, “Freedom of Opinion and Expression”, “Past Serious Human Rights Violations”, “Report on the Implementation of International Human Rights Instruments” which can generally be linked to Goal 16 of the SDGs, in particular to Target 16.3. regarding the rule of law and justice for all parties.33 Target 16.1. is also relevant, for example, to the issues raised in the “Vulnerable Groups” and “Past Serious Human Rights Violations” sub-chapters.34 Goal 16 of the SDGs has a strong relationship with articles in Law 39/1999 namely Article 2 related to the recognition and respect of human rights by the Indonesian Government, Article 4 which is related to “Right to life, right not to be tortured, right to freedom of person, thought, and conscience, right to religion, [...] right to be recognized as a person and equality before the law”, and Article 9 which is related to the right to life.35 Other relevant SDGs include Goal 3 on health which can be linked to the discussion of the “Right to Health” sub-chapter.36 Goal 10 can also be linked to the discussion in the “Freedom of Religion and Belief” sub-chapter and “Freedom of Opinion and Expression” sub-chapter.37 Activities within the “Education and Dissemination” sub-chapter which consists of the “Dissemination of Human Rights Knowledge” sub-chapter and “Improvement of Human Rights Awareness” sub-chapter can be classified as the implementing activities of Goal 4 SDGs related to education and learning to which the content of human rights education and learning can act as a dissemination platform for spreading various SDGs to various stakeholders.38 Moving on to the “Human Rights Enforcement” sub-chapter, more specifically in the “Community Complaints” section, a report can be found that states that the right to welfare, the right to justice, and the right to a sense of security still hold the first, second, and third place in terms of number of complaints (identical to the top three complaints listed in the 2019 Annual Report of the National Commission on Human 33 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 70/1, Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1 (adopted on 25 September 2015) (hereinafter: UNGA Res. 70/1), 25-26 (Goal 16). 34 (1) Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n. 1), translated by authors, 25-27; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1 (n. 33). 35 Law 39/1999 (n. 19), Articles 2, 4, and 9. 36 (1) Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n. 1), translated by authors, 17-21; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1 (n. 33), 16-17 (Goal 3, Target 3.8). 37 (1) Ibid., Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n.1), 28-39; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1 (n. 33), 21 (Goal 10, Target 10.2-3). 38 (1) Ibid., Komnas HAM 2020 Annual Report (n.1), 28-39; and (2) UNGA Res. 70/1 (n. 33), 17 (Goal 4). 6

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