Executive Summary
The unemployment rate of the youth has been consistently high in the Philippines
based on recent data and research findings. One major strategy introduced by the
government to address this problem is the implementation of the K to 12
Program in 2012, which revamped the basic education curriculum and imposed an
additional two years, or the Senior High School (SHS), as prescribed in the
Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. This major educational reform has
designed Senior High School for three possible exits: toward (a) higher education,
(b) middle-level skills development, and (c) employment or entrepreneurship. Such
structure assumes that the SHS graduates will have the competencies and skills
not only for further studies but also for employment. However, the Department of
Education (DepEd) lacks data and empirical evidence on the employability of the
first batches of K to 12 graduates as the agency has yet to conduct a tracer study
of the graduates of the program.
Moreover, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the
youth’s education and training as schools have shifted to different learning
modalities. At the same time, many companies have shut down or downsized and
turned their recruitment processes online. Young workers, including SHS
graduates, find themselves competing against more people – some of whom have
more relevant work experience than they do – for less available jobs. With the
changes brought by the K to 12 Program in the country’s education system and a
current worldwide pandemic, the school-to-work transition has indeed become
more difficult for the youth.
The Commission on Human Rights (CHR), the country’s independent national
human rights institution (NHRI) entrusted with the role of monitoring the human
rights situation in the country as well as the government’s compliance with
international treaty obligations to human rights, looked into the situation of the
youth in school-to-work transition. Pursuant to this mandate, the CHR’s Economic,
Social, and Cultural (ESCR) Center under the Human Rights Management Office
produced this human rights situation report on the right to education of the youth,
specifically their transition from school to work, as well as their experiences in the
context of the implementation of the K to 12 Program and the COVID-19 pandemic.
In developing this report, the ESCR Center conducted virtual focus group
discussions (FGDs) with representatives of five different sectors: (i) national
organizations and local government units; (ii) civil society organizations and
advocacy groups; (iii) employers; (iv) teachers, school administrators, and
principals; and (v) youth.
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