care benefits with Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service and filed the lawsuit in 2014 after their application was turned down. We concluded that this case can serve as a milestone in human rights protection and improvement as it significantly affects the lives of both mothers and babies with congenital heart diseases and as it can establish a new benchmark for similar lawsuits in the future. We concluded that pregnant female workers and their fetuses require special protection from harmful factors at workplaces when taking into consideration the protection of maternity and the special protection of women's labor defined in the Constitution, international human rights standards, and the purpose of the enactment of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act. Also, in view of the fact that some diseases could only be diagnosed after birth and that fetuses at the time could not be separated from their mothers, we concluded that it is desirable for the protection of fetuses and their rights to recognize related damage to their health to be work-related as ruled at the first trial. Pregnancy and childbirth can raise the health risks of mothers, and damage to the health of their fetuses adds mental anxiety and financial burden due to increased medical examinations. Aggravation of the conditions of the fetus or mother can lead to a miscarriage. Therefore, we concluded that the exclusion of damage to the health of fetuses from the targets of industrial accident compensation insurance benefits, unlike miscarriages, is an act of shifting responsibility onto female workers who have no liability and can constitute discrimination. 56 Commission's Major Activities