Commitment and empathy towards victims as a manifestation of witness and victim protection, especially providing compensation, restitution, rehabilitation and treatment of victims. Victim and gender perspectives, knowledge of practices for handling the gross human rights violations, both based on national, international and hybrid mechanisms, and experience in advocating for the protection and fulfilment of human rights. Experience in prosecution, investigations, and expert witnesses in trials of the gross human rights violations. Expertise on the gross human rights violations or international crimes. Figure 2.2. Requirements for Ad Hoc Human Rights Judges at the Supreme Court Based on the Recommendations of Komnas HAM RI The second challenge is related to the implementation of Presidential Decree number 17 of 2022 concerning Non-Judicial Resolution of the Past Gross Human Rights Violations (PPHAM Team). In March 2023, the President issued Presidential Instruction Number 2 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Recommendations for Non-Judicial Resolution of Gross Human Rights Violations involving 19 ministries/institutions to fulfill the rights of victims of serious Human Rights violations. The Commission has followed up on this policy through the following implementation steps: Table 2.2. Implementation Activities of Presidential Decree number 17 of 2022 26 ACTIVITY ACCOMPLISHMENTS The Commission submitted data on 3646 victims in accordance with the PKPHAM Team’s request. Throughout 2023, Komnas HAM RI issued 930 certificates of victims of gross human rights violations (SKKPHAM). This number has increased compared to SKKPHAM in the previous years; Throughout 2023, 557 victims received victim rights restoration services from the Government coordinated by the PKPHAM Team. The victims who have received services come from Aceh, DKI Jakarta and Central Sulawesi. Apart from that, the recipients came from victims of the Rumoh Geudong, Simpang KKA, Jambo Keupok incidents, Forced Sisappearances of People, the May riots, Semanggi I, and the 1965-1966 tragedy. The Annual Report Of The National Human Rights Commission Of The Republic Of Indonesia (Komnas Ham RI) 2023