Executive Summary The compilation of this assessment report on Thailand’s human rights situation is carried out according to the duties and powers of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand (NHRCT) as stipulated in Section 247 (2) of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560 (2017), and Section 26 (2) of the Organic Act on the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, B.E. 2560 (2017). In preparing this report, the NHRCT has compiled information from all human rights-related events which happened in 2020, consisting of measures taken by government agencies, information from civil society organizations, the work of the NHRCT itself, and information obtained from various meetings and seminars attended by various stakeholders. The gathered information was then analyzed within the framework of the various human rights guaranteed by the Constitution, domestic laws, and treaties which Thailand is a party to and has an obligation to comply with. On such basis was the situation on human rights assessed, and the recommendations then made accordingly. The content of this report was divided into four parts according to the classification found in international human rights treaties and the significant human rights issues in Thailand’s context in 2020. They are: (1) assessment of human rights situation in specific circumstances (2) assessment of human rights situation relating to civil and political rights (3) assessment of human rights situation relating to economic, social and cultural rights, and (4) assessment of human rights situation of specific groups of persons. The gist of the report can be summarized as follows: (1) Assessment of Human Rights Situation in Specific Circumstances In 2020, there are two significant circumstances which affect human rights. They are the severe spreading of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic, and a series of political protests by school and university students and like-minded people. The COVID 19 pandemic has prompted the Thai government to declare a state of emergency to set out measures for controlling the spread of the disease, some of which put additional restriction on certain rights and liberties of the people, e.g., prohibition of cross-provincial travel, enforcement of curfew requiring people to stay in their homes during certain hours, and prohibition of gathering or assembly. The above-mentioned measures are necessary and proportionate with the severity of the situation, and proved to be effective by concrete evidence. However, the government lifted or eased some of those measures when the situation had improved. Simultaneously, the government came up with measures to assist different groups of people whose livelihood had been affected economically, such as labour workers, the elderly and people with disabilities. Realizing the need to protect the right to an adequate standard of living of the affected people, the government introduced 20 คณะกรรมการสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งชาติ National Human Rights Commission of Thailand