loan is payable within 25 years with a flat interest rate of 6% per annum. LGUs often seek finance for community-driven resettlement initiatives that they propose within their jurisdiction. (c) Usufruct Usufruct is an arrangement based in Philippine civil law for tenure where a beneficiary enjoys full usage of the property with the commitment that it shall be returned upon the equivalent year of usage ends. Similar to other tenure arrangements, a usufruct beneficiary enjoys the degree of protection against infringement, or unjust, unreasonable and arbitrary eviction or disposition. Usufruct therefore provides stronger possessory rights than a simple lease, but is a relatively cheap option when compared to amortisation. This has made the usufruct arrangement popular for urban LGUs when pursuing in-city resettlement projects.100 (d) Land Proclam ation Proclamation is a legal instrument issued by the President reserving the whole or part of an idle government property, which might itself already be occupied by informal settlers, open for disposition for social housing purposes. Presidential proclamations can also involve privately owned lands acquired through appropriation, although this is rare. It covers all government lands which are densely populated and suitable for housing purposes. Land Proclamation has the capacity to provide instantaneous tenure security in the short to medium term to residents of informal settlements. However, in the longer term a variety of problems can be experienced in the administration of the proclamation, particularly relating to the suitability of the proclaimed site for development and the identification of project beneficiaries. If a proclamation is not fully implemented it can be converted for other uses. Some civil society stakeholders have criticised the administration of the land proclamation approach for these reasons.101 (e) Adm inistration of Alternative Tenure Arrangem ents Although the variety of tenure arrangements available in the Philippines can provide options to the urban poor when faced which mandatory resettlement, the number of agencies offering social housing programmes can act to inhibit the efficient delivery of services and in turn the enjoyment of housing-related human rights. The variety of different land tenure arrangements available for communities who resettle forcibly or voluntarily operate as alternative mechanisms to offer security of tenure to the urban poor. The development of these different mechanisms has been commensurate with the proliferation of actors and stakeholders in the housing sector. Typically, a particular government agency adopts a single tenure arrangement. For instance, the NHA usually offers amortisation to its beneficiaries, whereas the Social Housing Finance Corporation administers the Community Mortgage Programme. That different agencies will typically promote their own system of tenure arrangements among social 100 See: UN-HABITAT, Innovative Tenure in the Philippines: Challenges, Approaches and Institutionalization, 2012, p. 30. See: Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Written Comments Concerning Philippines for Consideration by the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2008, p. 3. 101 60  Human Rights in the Rubble