III. Chain of command 1. During a protest, especially one that requires the intervention of the tri-forces, as well as the police, the HRCSL emphasizes that efforts of crowd control at protests should be carried out at all times in strict compliance with a Security Plan. 2. It is crucial for a specific and identifiable chain of command. The chain of command in law enforcement organizations is a ranking structure used to assign responsibilities to different officials within the organization so that they may work together as one entity and facilitate better coordination. 3. Following are various methods by which the chain of command can be established and further strengthened in relation to the police and tri-forces. i. Police The Security Plan for a protest shall be supreme in determining the chain of command and measures to be taken for crowd control. It shall be unique to each protest depending on the circumstances(an example of the chain of command of a Security Plan is detailed in Annexure 1). 1. Co-ordination during the Protest De-escalation should serve as a core principle of crowd management. It is therefore necessary to ensure co-ordination within the police and the tri-forces when engaging in crowd control. 1.1.Ensure that every police officer assigned to crowd management duty has received crowd management and de-escalation training in line with Part II of Police Order A19 and Chapter VIII and X of the Code of Criminal Procedure Act No.15 of 1979 as amended. 1.2.Ensure that a trained senior officer is assigned to the post of the commanding officer at the site of the protest to review and respond to the circumstances of the protest. 25