and the right to hold opinions without interference,” and therefore, freedom of expression is a fundamental right universally guaranteed in the international community. Freedom of expression is indispensable for individuals to maintain their dignity and value as human beings, pursue happiness, and realize popular sovereignty. It can be said to be a basic element for the expression of individual personality and at the same time constitutes the basic order of liberal democracy. In particular, the act of supporting or criticizing a specific political power or expressing a critical opinion against the government is the core guarantee area in a democratic society. The two incidents that took place in the second half of 2022 are still being debated until the end of Dec., but as they are controversy related to the fundamental order of Korean society, it is necessary to keep an eye on the trend until the controversy has ended. 2) Unconstitutionality of Article 103(3) of the Public Official Election Act and Freedom of Expression of Voters A) The Constitutional Court’s Decision of Unconstitutionality of Article 103(3) of the Public Official Election Act The Constitutional Court held a total of 58 laws to be unconstitutional and unconstitutional in 2022. There are 22 laws related to the Public Official Election Act among them.143) The provisions of the law that were determined to be unconstitutional were mainly those that restricted the posting of advertisements, installation of facilities, and assemblies and gatherings in order to influence elections. The “anti-campaign” was one of the items that were regulated according to the statutory provisions that the Constitutional Court decided to be unconstitutional or constitutional nonconformity. The anti-campaign refers to an action by a third party, other than the candidate running for election, for the sole purpose of defeating a specific candidate without the purpose of winning the election. The Supreme Court has seen that anti-campaigns can be semantically distinguished from election campaigns, but in terms of behavior and effect, 143) See Case Statistics from the Webpage of the Constitutional Court 57