However, the opinion on whether such rallies violated the right to learn was answered within the margin of error. The rally by the cleaning workers ended on Aug. 26 by accepting some demands, such as an hourly wage increase of 400 KRW. The school will also consider improving the installation of shower rooms and rest areas.600) As a result of investigating the accusation related to the cleaning worker rally on Dec. 1, the police made a decision to not press charges of obstruction of business, except for the rallies conducted without being reported with the school.601) B) The Status of Cleaning Workers at Universities and the Perspectives of Students Revealed Through the Incident There have often been cases where cleaning workers took collective actions for improved treatments. However, in the summer of 2022, a lot of attention was focused on this case, because students from a top university filed a civil and criminal lawsuit against cleaning workers for violating their right to learn. In particular, it is noteworthy that this case dealt with keywords, such as ‘discriminatory economic structure,’ ‘fairness and the socially underprivileged,’ and methods of collective action, etc. by the professor, poster, on-campus community and the media. First, the ‘discriminatory economic structure’ is related to the form of outsourcing of cleaning workers at universities. Most of the cleaning workers at universities are subcontractors. There are many middle-aged female workers,602) and the service contract is less than 2 years to avoid being converted to permanent employment. convert to an indefinite contract.603) Therefore, it is difficult to expect wage increases based on continuous service, and are exposed to high employment instability, repetitive physical labor and long hours.604) 600) Hankyoreh, 400 KRW increase in hourly wage for the cleaning workers at Yonsei Univ., Aug. 26, 2022. 601) Kookmin Ilbo, [Exclusive] Police ... No charges against the cleaning workers at Yonsei Univ., Dec. 8, 2022. 602) According to the 2021 Labor Status Survey Report by Employment Type (2022) of the Ministry of Employment and Labor, the average age of cleaners and sanitation workers is 60.2 years old, and the number of female workers is more than 2.5 times greater than that of male workers. 603) Maeil Economy, “Demanding better treatment by college cleaning workers,” Jul. 23, 2022. 604) Lee, Seung-yun, Seo, Hyo-jin, and Park, Ko-eun, Why are the cleaning workers precarious? Outsourced female cleaning workers and the fictitiousness of Korea’s social safety net, 2018. 243