Version as at 30 August 2022 New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 Part 2 s 16 Part 2 Civil and political rights Life and security of the person 8 Right not to be deprived of life No one shall be deprived of life except on such grounds as are established by law and are consistent with the principles of fundamental justice. 9 Right not to be subjected to torture or cruel treatment Everyone has the right not to be subjected to torture or to cruel, degrading, or disproportionately severe treatment or punishment. 10 Right not to be subjected to medical or scientific experimentation Every person has the right not to be subjected to medical or scientific experi‐ mentation without that person’s consent. 11 Right to refuse to undergo medical treatment Everyone has the right to refuse to undergo any medical treatment. Democratic and civil rights 12 Electoral rights Every New Zealand citizen who is of or over the age of 18 years— 13 (a) has the right to vote in genuine periodic elections of members of the House of Representatives, which elections shall be by equal suffrage and by secret ballot; and (b) is qualified for membership of the House of Representatives. Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion, and belief, including the right to adopt and to hold opinions without interference. 14 Freedom of expression Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and opinions of any kind in any form. 15 Manifestation of religion and belief Every person has the right to manifest that person’s religion or belief in wor‐ ship, observance, practice, or teaching, either individually or in community with others, and either in public or in private. 16 Freedom of peaceful assembly Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. 5