National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Korea as of June 2013, or 4.6% of the commissioned of all military services. In 1989 the female military corps joined the general arms, and in 2000, almost all arms of the army were open to females. Since then, the number of female soldier is gradually growing. With the growing number of female soldiers and integration of them into the male-oriented military services, the expertise and roles of female soldiers have been emphasized. At the same time, it has been pointed out that the work conditions of female soldiers should be improved in the male-oriented military culture. However, only part of the difficulties of female soldiers, e.g., maternity and sexual violence in the military premises, have been known through the press. It has been difficult to know the details of the human rights conditions of female soldiers. Under these circumstances, the NHRCK conducted a survey among 860 female soldiers or 10.6% of the total, and gave focus group interviews (FGIs) to 92 persons from 16 groups from April to December 2012. The purpose was to understand the general status of human rights conditions of female soldiers, including their work performance, institutional maternity protection, and complaints processing. As the result, the Commission knew: a considerable number of female soldiers experienced discrimination in their military service including career management; they had difficulties in using the maternity protection arrangements and medical facilities; they could not take a positive action even though they experienced such grave concerns as sexual harassment or sexual violence. Based upon the result of the surveys, the Commission organized a Chapter 1. Improvement of Laws and Regulations, Institution, Policies, and Practices ▪▪▪ 45