served the two villages of Saemaul and Hyonmaul of the camp officials. The size of villages is large by the standard of a farm village but small by the standard of a county. There were 1,200 families in the Yongdong sector alone. Pongchang is the largest in size and Yongdong, Suan and Sangni were smaller in the same order. I think the entire number exceeds 20,000. The Tukchang Mine is very large. There were 6,000 to 7,000 prisoners assigned to each shaft and there were an additional 300 prisoner in the open shaft. So, there were also additional 20,000 prisoners.” (A09, former prisoner, from PPC No. 18, 1975~2000) “In 1994, when Tukchang sector was broken off and attached to the local government, 60% of the area was cut away from the sector. Nevertheless, there were 15,000 prisoners remaining in the Yongdong sector and, additionally, there were many factories such as a motor pool, and similar facilities. So, the entire population exceeded 50,000. In 2006, Pongchang had restrictions lifted. The systems in the control center fell into a state of confusion after the relief operation in 2000 in the wake of march of suffering and food shortage. But 100 families were driven to Kaechon without any due consideration of them” (0 Myong-o from Camp No. 18) The PPC are divided according to the nature of detention: offenders only, offenders and their families together, or families separately, according to the severity of crimes committed. However, further information is required for more precise assessment of these situations as the available information is not sufficient and some testimonies are conflicting. Testimonies available to this date are cited in the above table, 2-1. 57