25 12.3 Access to Remedy Violations of the right to food can occur through the direct action of States or non-state entities. According to General Comment 12, these include: the formal repeal or suspension of legislation necessary for the continued enjoyment of the right to food; denial of access to food to particular individuals or groups; the prevention of access to humanitarian food aid in internal conflicts or other emergency situations; adoption of legislation or policies which are manifestly incompatible with pre-existing legal obligations relating to the right to food; and failure to regulate activities of individuals or groups that violate the right to food of others, or the failure of a State to take into account its international legal obligations regarding the right to food when entering into agreements with other States or with international organizations.79 Any person or group who is a victim of a violation of the right to adequate food should have access to effective judicial or other appropriate remedies at both national and international levels.80 13. Obligations of Non-State Actors The right to food as envisaged under the human rights treaties is essentially state-centric as they mainly impose on the States to implement this right. But this state-centric approach is increasingly problematic on several grounds. First, it fails to address the responsibilities of key global actors such as transnational corporations and international financial institutions that are not themselves states but can influence human rights outcomes significantly. Second, the current state-centric approach adopts far too narrow a view of state responsibilities, which does not include ‘extra-territorial obligations’ to prevent harm to people affected by the state's economic or other policy actions, who happen to live in other states.81 Therefore, non-state actors such as multinational corporations or enterprises have special obligation to realize the right to food as they exercise now unprecedented level of control over the production, processing and distribution of food. In this context, the right to food entails a protective obligation which 79 80 81 General Comment Para 19. General Para 32. Susan Randolph, The Right to Food: A Global Overview