Image credits: Ajdin Kamber on Shutterstock (cover); Evgeny Matveev on Unsplash (p2); amnat30 on Shutterstock (p4); Markus Spiske on Unsplash (p6); Yannis H on Unsplash (p8); Fikri Rasyid on Unsplash (p12); Deva Darshan on Unsplash (p17); Jamison Cameron on Unsplash (p19); Hanna Zhyhar (p21); AXP Photography on Unsplash (p24); Ajmal Shams on Unsplash (p29); Aqib Yasin on Shutterstock (p32); Akhlas Rahman on Unsplash (p35); (p36); Ariful Hoque on Unsplash; Saad Salim on Unsplash (p39); Gilbert Pagunaling on Unsplash (p41); Muhammad Wasif on Unsplash (p43); Hobi Industri on Unsplash (p46); Simon Reza on Unsplash (p49); Gyan Shahane on Unsplash (back cover). © Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions 2025 The APF permits free reproduction of extracts from this publication provided that due acknowledgement is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to the following address: Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions GPO Box 5218, Sydney NSW 1042 Australia apf@asiapacificforum.net www.asiapacificforum.net