another short time outside their cell, and a degree of control over this one activity. Serveries could be staffed by prisoners from the unit, providing them with an opportunity to demonstrate improved behaviour and staff with an opportunity to assess their behaviour and ability to appropriately engage with one another. ■ T  he Department must ensure that all forms of segregation and restraint are appropriately documented in an electronic register which is regularly quality assured and examined for trends, issues, and protected characteristics including ethnic origin, disability, age and gender. Monitoring should be done on the institutional and national levels.54 Registers should also include a clear indication of when the segregation or the restraint had been applied and when they ended, as well as a clear summary of why it was deemed necessary to use segregation or restraint in any one case. ■ S  egregation documentation / forms should be less cumbersome and more focused, and review mechanisms must be strengthened to ensure that placements in a segregation unit are regularly and robustly reviewed. All documentation must be regularly quality assured for compliance with procedures and guidelines. ■ T  he Department should consider replicating the Ministry of Health’s ‘ seclusion reporting template’, which requires documentation of alternative measures attempted, events, reasons for seclusion and so on.  To the Ministry of Social Development (Child, Youth and Family) ■ S  ecure Care unit rooms, as observed on visits, were inappropriate for housing children and young people in a Care and Protection residence or in a Youth Justice residence. The Ministry should consider alternatives. ■ A  ll rooms where children and young people can spend any length of time locked up (including ‘time out’ rooms) should be equipped, as a minimum, with call bells or other means for the young person to communicate with staff, and these should be checked regularly to ensure that they are in good working order. ■ W  here the Secure Care Unit is used, children and young people should be 54 In England and Wales all prisons are now required to complete a monthly record of their use of segregation to the Deputy Director of Custody as well as a quarterly review of their use of force and segregation. See PSO 1700 (Segregation) https://www.justice.gov.uk/offenders/psos 62