FROM BONDAGE TO FREEDOM 53 In order to provide assistance and support to victims of trafficking, IOM is spreading the awareness that this group of people be primarily recognized as victims of crime and exploitation, rather than as illegal migrants. D. Analysis of the Role of the UN System in Promoting and Protecting Human Rights. The UN System has its limitations largely because it is an extremely large organization with headquarters at Geneva and New York, which makes inaccessible to many NGOs working at the grass roots level. However, structures within the UN such as UNIFEM are trying to alleviate this inaccessibility and promote use of international human rights machinery, particularly for women in developing countries106. The operationalisation of human rights from the arena of jurisprudence to practical application is fraught with difficulties. The UN lacks an enforcement body, court and policing power to force the government to adhere to international human rights law. The UN is largely a recommendatory body that cannot force State Parties to sign a particular treaty. Further under Article 2(7) of the UN Charter, the UN cannot interfere in the domestic affairs of a country though human rights violations generally occurs within the purview of matters related to so called domestic affairs. Only in extreme cases sanctions are imposed but evidence shows that no sanctions have yet been applied to prohibit gender discriminations107. The UN in its sanctioning role is prone to political and strategic pressures of its members. Despite all its limitations, the UN system still provides the most potent force to human rights movement. The monitoring and reporting procedures can be honed further to provide them teeth in the implementation of the international human rights law. Governments still do not like to be criticized and to have their bad practices publicized and can sometimes be shamed into changing their behaviour. In the enforcement role of the UN, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) can play a vital role. The ICC came into existence in 2003 to prosecute and try individuals for the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Included in the category of crimes against humanity is enslavement, which includes 106 International Services for Human Rights, Women Rights in the UN, Geneva, 1995, p.35 or www.ishr.ch. 107 GAATW, Human Rights and Trafficking in Persons: A Handbook, Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women, Bangkok, Thailand, 2001, p.110.