59. Numerous human rights contribute constructively to a housing strategy, including the rights to privacy, health protection, water and sanitation, participation, and cultural life. However, a Tiriti and human rights-based housing strategy must have the right to a decent home at its centre. 60. In 2018, the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing published a report which sets out Key Principles of a Rights-based Housing Strategy (see Appendix 3). Guideline 14: National and local government must have an overarching housing strategy. The housing strategy must be based on human rights and Te Tiriti. The Te Tiriti and human rights-based housing strategy must have the right to a decent home at its centre. G. Constructive accountability 61. Transparent, effective, and accessible accountability is a crucial feature of human rights, including the right to a decent home. Without accountability, the right to a decent home can become an empty promise. Accountability need not be about blame and punishment, it can be about identifying what works, so it can be repeated, and what does not work, so it can be adjusted. This is sometimes called ‘constructive accountability’. 62. Accountability is often conflated with monitoring, but monitoring (e.g. the collection of information and data) is only one step towards accountability. Accountability can be understood as having three elements: monitoring, review (including independent review) in relation to human rights and other standards, and redress (or ‘remedial action’). 63. The review element should be carried out by a political body, such as parliament or a local council, and by one or more independent bodies, such as an integrity agency (see next paragraph). A political body’s review is fortified by an independent body’s review. 64. Accountability comes in many forms e.g. national and local elections, parliament and local councils, courts and tribunals, civil society organisations and the media. Besides courts and tribunals, the following bodies provide forms of independent accountability: Waitangi Tribunal, Human Rights Commission, Ombudsman, Office of the Children’s Commissioner, Privacy Commissioner, Office of the 21