Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia v At the international level, NHRIs act as intermediaries between stakeholders and contribute to global climate processes, advocating for human rights-based climate action. NHRIs in South Asia, including Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, have engaged in CCMA initiatives at different levels, although they all face challenges related to capacity gaps and emerging opportunities. The Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis aims to gather primary data from NHRIs in South Asia to evaluate their existing programmes, challenges, and opportunities in the context of CCMA projects and policies, in particular in relation to human mobility. This assessment employs the Framework for Integrating Rights and Equality (FIRE), created by the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (RWI) and partners, which emphasises the integration of gender equality and human rights into climate action. It seeks to identify the obstacles NHRIs encounter, including limited capacity, lack of resources, insufficient political will, security concerns, and fragmented efforts, particularly regarding human mobility. This Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis conducted by the Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (APF), in partnership with RWI, targets six NHRIs in Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, utilising a combination of surveys, interviews, and desk-based reviews, following gender-sensitive and participatory methodologies. Findings of the Needs Assessment Findings of the needs assessment of are organised under the seven thematic areas as follows: } Monitoring, Investigation, Reporting, and Advising All NHRIs in the assessment recognise the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities, although their integration of climate considerations into investigations varies significantly. India and Bangladesh actively report on and advice regarding CCMA initiatives, while other NHRIs engage in this area more sporadically. Key challenges hindering effective action include insufficient staff expertise, a lack of credible data, restricted access to affected areas, and resistance from governments. } Advocating and Promoting Inclusive Policies Advocacy efforts among NHRIs show significant variation, with NHRIs of Bangladesh and India being the most proactive in promoting inclusive climate policies, while the NHRIs of Maldives and Sri Lanka exhibit minimal engagement.