Empowering National Human Rights Institutions to Advance Rights-Based Climate Action 3 United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action) targets to limit and adapt to climate change.15 To combat climate change and enhance resilience, five key targets under this goal include developing community-based adaptation initiatives that engage vulnerable populations, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, and strengthening early warning systems and disaster preparedness.16 These targets emphasise a combination of mitigation, adaptation, and resilience-building, with a strong focus on inclusivity and engaging the most vulnerable groups in climate action. Countries in the South Asian region, given their vulnerability to climate change, have adopted a number of policy actions and programmes at the national level to address the climate risks and to mitigate and adapt to climate change, including efforts to integrate human mobility consideration into climate policies. These actions include the development of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), promoting renewable energy, and enhancing disaster risk management systems. Some of those policies and measures adopted by the six countries covered in this document, which are Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, are summarised here. The key documents listed here serve as a sample of policies and relevant strategies that are currently or most recently in force in these countries, and not a comprehensive mapping of the policy environment. Bangladesh To build climate resilience, Bangladesh has implemented key policies such as the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) (2005, updated 2009),17 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2009),18 and Delta Plan 2100.19 Recent policies include the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) (20232050),20 National Strategy on Internal Displacement Management (2021)21, and the National Environment Policy (2018),22 focusing on climate-resilient development, biodiversity conservation, and green livelihoods. 15 Global Goals, ‘The Global Goals - 13 Climate Action’ (2024) <https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/13-climate-action/>. 16 Ibid. Government of Bangladesh, National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) (2009) <https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Country Documents/Parties/ban02.pdf>. 17 Government of Bangladesh, ‘Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2009)’ (2009) <https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/sites/default/files/Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009.pdf>. 18 Government of Bangladesh, ‘Delta Plan 2100’ (2018) <https://oldweb.lged.gov.bd/UploadedDocument/UnitPublication/1/756/BDP 2100 Abridged Version English.pdf>. 19 Government of Bangladesh, ‘National Adaptation Plan (NAP) (2023-2050)’, (2023) <https://unfccc.int/documents/637588?gad_ source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwrp-3BhDgARIsAEWJ6SyineGu0t5Y4iQ_L-Ws8Cf1SGYoB2Uo9G4rPVLb9GqFvVioZyBrtuAaAk9XEALw_wcB>. 20 Government of Bangladesh, ‘National Strategy on Internal Displacement Management’ (2021) <https://modmr.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/ files/files/modmr.portal.gov.bd/publications/d05820e8_b72f_43a1_8cfe_4b4bd34a2560/NSIDM Publication(Size 6.5 X 9.5 in).pdf>. 21 Government of Bangladesh, ‘National Environment Policy (2018)’ (2018) <https://bangladeshbiosafety.org/bangladesh-doc/national-environment-policy-2018/>. 22