achievements, constant questioning of presence in dominant white spaces, and being looked down on for attending decile one schools. In high school, the teachers are telling them “You will not go to university, you can’t”. My teacher said to me “Don’t think about university”. (Muslim focus group) Every day, like we’re at Uni in the PhD section and you have the staff members looking at me and my friends who are mostly brown like what are you doing on the floor and where the staff are eating...Or do you have an [access] card. You get that on the daily. (Tongan focus group). Verbal abuse: Participants described being yelled at, told to go home and verbally insulted by strangers – this could occur in front of children which was considered to have unknown wider impacts. Name calling, bullying and the use of derogatory labels and stereotypes that diminished cultural values, practices and attire were also considered a frequent part of migrants’ lived realities. A white driver shouting that when they sit in the car ‘Go back to your own country’ and even not stopping when a Chinese lady was walking across the pedestrian crossing…[People] out shopping, and people would yell at them and say get out of our country, in front of children as well, that's quite damaging. It's on a daily basis... (Provider) People from the Islands, they'll call them coconuts. Arabs are terrorists. And Asians, they call them all Chinese. I think racism exists everywhere. New Zealand Europeans, Māori’s, they'll call white people Palagi... (Former refugee focus group) Physical abuse and racial harassment: The Christchurch mosque attack was described as an extreme form of racism by all participants. Many also described being stalked, targeted for burglaries and destruction of housing and personal belongings, confrontational bullying and harassment, aggressive behaviour and being ejected from shops. We also had particularly refugee background families targeted, their houses being tagged, either broken into or graffitied or things thrown at their house. Sometimes one-off, sometimes repeatedly. (Provider) So sometimes community members are more targeted for burglary, smashing car windows and so on…those are ongoing experiences. (Provider) …being physically pushed out of a shop in Wellington…Everyone was so embarrassed by the manager’s behaviour. Gutted to be treated so differently to everyone in the shop. (Te Waipounamu Māori focus group) 5.2.2. Experiences of subtle forms of personally mediated racism Patronising, ’othering’, and ignorant behaviour: Many participants’ described experiences of others assuming migrants were in need – white saviourism - or spoke loudly, slowly, and dumbed down language because of a belief that they could not understand English. Some found the surprise expressed by Pākehā when migrants responded competently in English insulting. www.malatest-intl.com Drivers of racism – March 2021 54