Di tingkat regional juga terbentuk berbagai instrumen yang melarang penyiksaan,
diantaranya the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms,1 the American Convention on Human Rights,2 the African
Charter on Human dan People’s Rights,3 dan the Arab Charter on Human Rights.4 Pasal
8 the Arab Charter on Human Rights menyatakan:
“1. No one shall be subjected to physical or psychological torture or to cruel,
degrading, humiliating or inhuman treatment.
2. Each State party shall protect every individual subject to its jurisdiction
from such practices and shall take effective measures to prevent them. The
commission of, or participation in, such acts shall be regarded as crimes that are
punishable by law and not subject to any statute of limitations. Each State party
shall guarantee in its legal system redress for any victim of torture and the right
to rehabilitation and compensation.”5
Dalam hukum humaniter internasional penyiksaan tegas dilarang, sebagaimana diatur
dalam Konvensi Jenewa 1949 (the Geneva Convention of 1949) dan Protokol Tambahan
(additional Protocols) 8 Juni 1977.6 Pasal 17 Konvensi Jenewa Ketiga menyatakan:
“No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on
prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners
of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to
unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind.”7
Demikian pula dengan Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention, menyatakan “violence
to life, and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
torture” adalah dilarang dalam situasi apapun.8 Dalam konflik bersenjata internasional,
penyiksaan dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran berat dan kejahatan perang,9 sementara
dalam konflik bersenjata non-internasional, penyiksaan dikategorikan sebagai
pelanggaran yang serius.
1. Council of Europe, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by
Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950, pasal 3.
2. Organization of American States (OAS), American Convention on Human Rights, "Pact of San Jose", Costa Rica, 22 November
1969, pasal 5(2).
3. Organization of African Unity (OAU), African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ("Banjul Charter"), 27 Juni 1981, CAB/
LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), pasal 5.
4. League of Arab States, Arab Charter on Human Rights, 15 September 1994, pasal 8.
5. League of Arab States, Arab Charter on Human Rights, 15 September 1994, pasal 8.
6. International Committee of the Redcross, “What Does the Law Say about Torture?”, ICRC, 24 Juni 2011 <https://www.icrc.org/
eng/resources/documents/faq/torture-law-2011-06-24.htm>.
7. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Third
Geneva Convention), 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 135, pasal 17.
8. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Third
Geneva Convention), 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 135, Pasal 3(1)(a).
9. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating
to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 Juni 1977, 1125 UNTS 3, Pasal 85.
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