Source: Safer Students Campaign, 2009 3. Unequal Access to Employment Not being able to gain fair access to employment and equitable income is arguably more detrimental than the experience of verbal and (mild) physical harassment. It certainly has more impact on socio-economic standing. Analysis of the NZ census data reveals that Asian people who have entered NZ through the General Skills Category have higher levels of unemployment and lower levels of employment than all other migrant groups entering NZ under the same category. Within this category, both male and female South Asians who have been in NZ between 0 and 2 years have the highest rates of unemployment (15.6% for males and 19% for females), although they are the group with the highest number of university qualifications and lowest number with no qualifications or school only. Similarly, both males and females from East Asia who have been in NZ between 0 and 2 years have the lowest employment rates of all groups (38.9% for males and 28.7% for females; Department of Labour, 2003). An article published in 1998 provides a comparison of migrants in the workforce from three different census years (1981, 1986 and 1996) and finds that migrants originating in Asian countries have become more disadvantaged over time. As is shown in the following graph, in 1981, migrants from Europe, North America, Pacific Islands and Asia all had similar levels of income to one another, and were all equally disadvantaged compared to alike New Zealandborn citizens (earning about 25% less). By 1996, the gap between the income levels for NZborn and migrants originating in English-speaking countries began to close. On the other 10

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