Common questions 1. What about testosterone? There is limited research examining the impact of testosterone on the sporting performance of trans women.81 Testosterone is a hormone produced by the human body. Males generally produce much higher levels of testosterone than females.82 Higher testosterone levels are generally associated with greater strength, muscle mass and endurance.83 While testosterone levels affect these physical characteristics, many factors can have an impact on a person’s sporting ability.84 2. Do people transition to gain a competitive advantage? Transitioning can be a complex, difficult, long-term and expensive process, which has impacts on a person’s identity and wellbeing. It is a personal decision that can involve many stages of social, medical and legal transition. There is no evidence of a person transitioning in order to gain a competitive advantage. For transgender athletes, as for all athletes, sport is about the physical, social and mental health benefits of participation. 3. How do I make my sport more inclusive of non-binary people? Non-binary is a term used to describe a person who does not identify exclusively as either a man/boy or a woman/ girl. It might seem difficult to include non-binary people in sport, as sport is often organised based on male and female categories. However, there are simple ways to promote the inclusion of non-binary people in sport. Some strategies include: • creating gender-neutral teams • allowing participants to elect which team they wish to join based on their gender identity • allocating a number of gender non-specific positions in mixed competitions (for example, 40% women: 40% men: 20% non-specific) instead of a designated men/boys to women/girls ratio • considering ways that the rules of a particular sport can be universally re-designed to accommodate nonbinary players. Guidelines for the inclusion of transgender and gender diverse people in sport • 2019 • 37