the most problematic areas and formulate procedural and safety requirements to ensure protection of the rights of these children. The UN Committee on the Rights of Child supports the ‘Verona Principles’ as an important contribution to developing normative guidance in this area. (iv) Besides, there have been a number of other bilateral, regional and international researches and discussions on the rights of children born through domestic or international surrogacy arrangements. However, an international agreement or treaty that comprehensively addresses the rights of children born through surrogacy, is still elusive. The UN rights expert, Ms Maud de Boer-Buquicchio28, presented a report to the UN Human Rights Council in 2018. She stated, inter-alia, that ‘There is an undeniable, urgent need for surrogacy to be regulated. If nothing is done, abusive commercial surrogacy networks will continue to move from one jurisdiction to the other.’ (v) The ‘International Bioethics Committee’ of UNESCO(IBC),29 in its report on ‘ART and parenthood’ of 2019, observes that: ‘Whether States accept or reject surrogacy, in all cases the position of the child, born with the help of a surrogate, should be regulated. On this issue, the European Court of Human Rights developed a doctrine about surrogacy. This doctrine considers that the principle of the best interests of the child must guide the decisions about a minor’s registration, even in States where surrogacy is forbidden’. It is not that all cases of violation of rights of children born through international surrogacy arrangements get reported. However, well-reported situations speak plentiful about the extent of the problem. Many members of the international community are involved in addressing these issues. However, a comprehensive international agreement specifically addressing the rights of children born through surrogacy is yet to be developed and adopted by different countries of the world. This vacuum existing in the regulation of ISAs is a major factor breaching the rights of children born through this method. A lot has been written and discussed about surrogate mothers and commissioning parents in a surrogacy arrangement. However, the end motive and outcome of the entire The UN rights expert, Ms Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, former Special Rapporteur (2014-2020) on the sale and sexual exploitation of children and who presented a report to the Human Rights Council in Geneva plus footnote number 3. 29 The ‘International Bioethics Committee’ of UNESCO (IBC), in para number 171 at page-33 of its report on ‘ART and parenthood’ of 2019. Link is: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367957#:~:text=Paris%2C%2020%20December%20 2019%20Original,technologies%20(ART)%20and%20parenthood%2C 28 Journal of the National Human Rights Commission, Vol. 22, 2023 81