Endnotes
58
Resources on discrimination in NT available at:
https://adc.nt.gov.au/discrimination.
71
Australian Human Rights Commission, Human Rights
and Technology Final Report (2021), 159.
59
Resources on discrimination in Queensland available
at: https://www.qhrc.qld.gov.au/your-rights/
discrimination-law.
72
Douglas v Department of Land and Housing [2011]
FMCA 1028 (22 December 2011), 59-61.
73
QBE Travel Insurance v Bassanelli [2004] FCA 396, [34].
60
Resources on discrimination in SA available
at: https://www.equalopportunity.sa.gov.au/
discrimination.
74
61
Resources on discrimination and exceptions
in Tasmania available at: https://www.
equalopportunity.sa.gov.au/discrimination; https://
equalopportunity.tas.gov.au/exceptions.
Commonwealth v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity
Commission (1995) 63 FCR 74, 87; Australian Medical
Council v Wilson (1996) 68 FCR 46, 60; Commonwealth
Bank of Australia v Human Rights and Equal
Opportunity Commission (1997) 80 FCR 78, 111.
75
A recent example in the actuarial literature can be
seen in Lindholm, M., Richman, R., Tsanakas, A., &
Wüthrich, M. ‘Discrimination Free Insurance Pricing’
2022 ASTIN Bulletin, 52(1), 55-89.
76
QBE Travel Insurance v Bassanelli (2004) 137 FCR 88,
[85].
77
Insurers must provide a product disclosure
statement (PDS) for every financial services product
they offer. The regulatory standards for PDSs are
set by the Australian Securities and Investments
Commission (ASIC) to ensure that they are
clear, accurate and comprehensive, and include
information on any exclusions, caps, limits and other
conditions. Further information is available from
ASIC: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/finda-document/regulatory-guides/rg-168-disclosureproduct-disclosure-statements-and-other-disclosureobligations/
78
Commonwealth v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity
Commission (1995) 63 FCR 74, 87; Australian Medical
Council v Wilson (1996) 68 FCR 46, 60; Commonwealth
Bank of Australia v Human Rights and Equal
Opportunity Commission (1997) 80 FCR 78, 111.
62
54
Resources on discrimination and exceptions in
Victoria available at: https://www.humanrights.
vic.gov.au/for-individuals/discrimination/; https://
www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/for-organisations/
exceptions/.
63
Resources on discrimination in WA available at:
https://www.wa.gov.au/system/files/2022-04/
Unlawful%20Discrimination%20Fact%20Sheet%20
2022%20March.2.pdf.
64
Australian Human Rights Commission, Human Rights
and Technology Final Report (2021), 37.
65
Australian Human Rights Commission, Human Rights
and Technology Final Report (2021), 101, 105.
66
Xiros v Fortis Life Assurance Ltd [2001] FMCA 15
(6 April 2001) [16(k)].
67
For example, see Ingram v QBE Insurance (Australia)
Ltd (Human Rights) [2015] VCAT 1936 (18 December
2015).
68
Australian Human Rights Commission, Using Artificial
Intelligence to Make Decisions: Addressing the Problem
of Algorithmic Bias (Technical Paper, November 2020),
27.
69
Australian Human Rights Commission, Using Artificial
Intelligence to Make Decisions: Addressing the Problem
of Algorithmic Bias (Technical Paper, November 2020),
27.
70
Australian Government, Department of Industry,
Innovation and Science, AI Ethics Framework
(November 2019) <https://www.industry.gov.au/
publications/australias-artificial-intelligence-ethicsframework>.