prompt businesses to rapidly establish human rights and environmental due diligence mechanisms. 96 On May 24, 2024, the EU formally adopted the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which will take effect 20 days after its publication in the EU Official Journal. Member states must transpose the directive into national laws within two years to ensure implementation. Under the directive, companies must adopt a risk-based approach to identify, assess, prevent, mitigate, and terminate (or minimize) potential and actual risks of human rights violations and environmental damage in their operations and supply chains. These measures must be integrated into company policies. Companies are required to monitor the effectiveness of their due diligence measures. Member States must ensure companies dialogue with potentially affected stakeholders and establish grievance mechanisms for victims. Starting in mid-2027, regulated companies will have mandatory environmental and human rights due diligence obligations. During the “Mid-Term Review Press Conference for the Action Plan for Fisheries and Human Rights” held on June 5, 2024, Lee Yu-ton, Director of Greenpeace's Ocean Project, highlighted the growing trend of assigning greater legal responsibilities to businesses for safeguarding human rights. She stated, “The international community is beginning to hold businesses legally accountable for protecting human rights. Enterprises must now identify, prevent, and terminate human rights violations within their supply chains. For Taiwan's distant water fisheries to maintain international competitiveness, the industry must accelerate its transformation and ensure companies fulfill their due diligence obligations in supply chains to meet market demands.”97 Central News Agency, “Ministry of Economic Affairs Proposes Supply Chain Human Rights Guidelines; Civil Groups Call for the Establishment of a Due Diligence Mechanism,” Reporter Chang Hsiong-Feng, April 15, 2024. (URL: https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/202404150264.aspx, last accessed: June 14, 2024) 97 Press release by the Coalition of “Human Rights for Migrant Fishers,” “Midterm Review of 96 115